Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-r6qrq Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-28T12:36:29.263Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

AN IMPROVED REARING PROCEDURE FOR THE CARROT RUST FLY (DIPTERA: PSILIDAE) WITH OBSERVATIONS ON LIFE HISTORY AND CONDITIONS CONTROLLING DIAPAUSE INDUCTION AND TERMINATION

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

D.G.R. McLeod ,
J.W. Whistlecraft  and
C.R. Harris
D.G.R. McLeod
Affiliation:
Research Centre, Agriculture Canada, University Sub Post Office, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7
J.W. Whistlecraft
Affiliation:
Research Centre, Agriculture Canada, University Sub Post Office, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7
C.R. Harris
Affiliation:
Research Centre, Agriculture Canada, University Sub Post Office, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Carrot rust fly (CRF), Psila rosae (Fabricius) (Diptera: Psilidae), caged with 2-month-old carrot plants at 20 °C, 50–70% RH, and 16:8 L:D laid an average of 109 eggs per female. With ca. 50% survival from egg to pupae, the rearing procedure yielded a 25 × population increase per generation. The duration of the life cycle at 20 °C was ca. 65 days. Calculated threshold temperatures and degree days above those temperatures necessary for complete development were: eggs, 4.5 °C and 94 degree days (°D); larvae, 2.02 °C and 625 °D; and pupae, 1.47 °C and 374 °D. Larvae collected in the field in fall developed normally when incubated at 22 and 19 °C; ca. 40% of the pupae entered diapause at 16 °C, and 100% at 13 and 10 °C. Fall-collected larvae chilled at 1 °C for ca. 3 months developed normally at all temperatures including those which induced diapause in pupae from unchilled larvae. With laboratory-reared pupae, 100% diapause was induced with > 10 days exposure to 13 or 10 °C. Twenty weeks storage at 1 °C was sufficient to terminate diapause in > 95% of the pupae. The ability of both CRF larvae and pupae to survive cold temperature conditions suggests that 2 separate spring emergence peaks may occur, which could have important implications if the spring flight is to be predicted on the basis of °D accumulations.

Résumé

Des mouches de la carotte, Psila rosae (Fabricius) (Diptera: Psilidae), encagées avec des plants de carotte de deux mois à 20 °C, 50–70% HR, et 16: 8 L:D ont pondu en moyenne 109 oeufs par femelle. Cette méthode d'élevage, avec environ 50% de survie de l'oeuf à la pupe, a permis un facteur de multiplication de 25 fois par génération. La durée du cycle vital à 20 °C était d'environ 65 jours. Les seuils thermiques calculés et les degrés-jours (°D) au-dessus de ces seuils pour le développement complet étaient de: oeufs, 4,5 °C et 94 °D; larves, 2,02 °C et 625 °D; pupes, 1,47 °C et 374 °D. Des larves provenant du terrain en automne se sont développées normalement lorsque placées à 22 et 19 °C; environ 40% des pupes sont entrées en diapause à 16 °C, et 100% à 13 et 10 °C. Des larves receuillies en automne et refroidies à 1 °C pour environ 3 mois se sont développées normalement à toutes les températures incluant celles qui ont induit la diapause chez des larves non refroidies. Chez des pupes provenant de l'élevage au laboratoire, on a induit 100% de diapause par exposition pour > 10 jours à 13 ou 10 °C. Vingt semaines d'entreposage à 1 °C se sont avérées suffisantes pour terminer la diapause chez > 95% des pupes. La capacité des larves et des pupes de la mouche de la carotte à survivre au froid laisse supposer l'existence de deux pics d'émergence séparés, ce qui pourrait avoir des implications sur la prévison des vols printanniers à partir de l'accumulation des °D.

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 117 , Issue 8 , August 1985 , pp. 1017 - 1024
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1985

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Biernaux, J. 1968. Observations sur l'hibernation de Psila rosae F. Bull. Rech. agron. Gembloux. 3: 241–248.Google Scholar
Brunel, E., and Missonnier, J.. 1968. Étude du développement nymphal de Psila rosae Fab. (Diptères Psilidés) en conditions naturelles et expérimentales: quiscence et diapause. Soc. Biol. C.R. 162: 2223–2228.Google Scholar
Burn, A.J., and Coaker, T.H.. 1981. Diapause and overwintering of the carrot fly, Psila rosae F. (Diptera: Psilidae). Bull. ent. Res. 71: 583–590.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Campbell, A., Frazer, B.D., Gilbert, N., Gutierrez, A.P., and MacKauer, M.. 1974. Temperature requirements of some aphids and their parasites. J. appl. Ecol. 11: 431–438.Google Scholar
Hagen, K.S., and Finney, G.L.. 1950. A food supplement for effectively increasing the fecundity of certain tephritid species. J. econ. Ent. 43: 735.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harris, C.R. 1977. Insecticide resistance in soil insects attacking crops. pp. 321–351 in Watson, D.L., and Brown, A.W.A. (Eds.), Pesticide management and insecticide resistance. Academic Press, New York. 638 pp.Google Scholar
McClanahan, R.J., and Niemczyk, H.D.. 1963. Continuous rearing of the carrot rust fly, Psila rosae (Fab.). Can. Ent. 95: 827–830.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morris, R.F., and Fulton, W.C.. 1970. Models for the development and survival of Hyphantria cunea in relation to temperature and humidity. Mem. ent. Soc. Canada 70. 60 pp.Google Scholar
Sokal, R.K., and Rohlf, F.J.. 1969. Biometry. W.H. Freeman and Company, San Francisco.Google Scholar
Städler, E. 1970. Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Diapause bei der Möhrenfliege (Psila rosae Fabr., Diptera: Psilidae). Mitt. schweiz. ent. Ges. 43: 17–37.Google Scholar
Städler, E. 1971. An improved mass-rearing method of the carrot rust fly, Psila rosae (Diptera: Psilidae). Can. Ent. 103: 1033–1038.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stevenson, A.B. 1981. Development of the carrot rust fly, Psila rosae (Diptera: Psilidae), relative to temperature in the laboratory. Can. Ent. 113: 569–574.Google Scholar
Thompson, A.R., and Harris, C.R.. 1982. An indication of phorate-tolerance in a population of carrot fly from East Anglia. Tests Agrochem. Cultivars 3: 18–19.Google Scholar
Thompson, A.R., Suett, D.L., Percivall, A.L., and Padbury, C.E.. 1982. Protection of carrots against carrot fly by carbofuran, disulfoton or phorate applied at drilling in a sandy loam, followed by carbofuran applied in mid-season. Tests Agrochem. Cultivars 3: 22–23.Google Scholar