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Immature stages of the galler Diplolepis triforma (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) with comments on the role of its prepupa

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

Joseph D. Shorthouse  and
Jonathan J. Leggo
Joseph D. Shorthouse*
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada P3E 2C6
Jonathan J. Leggo
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada P3E 2C6
*
1 Corresponding author (e-mail: jshortho@nickel.laurentian.ca).
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Abstract

Sections of stem galls induced by Diplolepis triforma Shorthouse and Ritchie obtained by plant histological techniques were used to examine anatomical features of immature stages of the insect found in situ. First-instar larvae feed over the entire surface of larval chambers, whereas maturing larvae feed only at one end of the chambers. Last-instar larvae undergo two phases of development: feeding occurs in the first phase, whereas in the second, or prepupal phase, feeding has ceased, the mid- and hind-guts become joined, contents of the gut are voided, and compound eyes, gonads, and internal ovipositional apparatus begin to differentiate. The prepupal phase also consists of two phases: the first occurs in the fall and winter, and the second occurs in the spring prior to pupation. The spring phase exhibits external adult features within the integument of the last-instar and moults to the pupa. Sections of some maturing larvae contained endoparasitoid larvae of the genus Orthopelma Taschenberg (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae).

Résumé

Des coupes de galles provoquées par la présence de Diplolepis triforma Shorthouse et Ritchie sur des tiges ont été obtenues par des techniques d’histologie botanique et utilisées pour examiner les caractéristiques anatomiques des stades immatures de l’insecte in situ. Les larves de premier stade se nourrissent sur toute la surface des chambres larvaires, alors que les larves en voie de maturation ne se nourrissent qu’à une extrémité des chambres. Les larves de dernier stade subissent deux phases de développement; elles se nourrissent au cours de la première phase; cependant, au cours de la deuxième phase, dite prénymphale, toute activité alimentaire cesse, les intestins moyen et postérieur se fusionnent et leur contenu est expulsé; les yeux composés, les gonades et l’organe interne de la ponte commencent à se différencier. La phase prénymphale se fait aussi en deux temps; le premier se produit en automne et en hiver, le second, au printemps, avant la nymphose. Au cours de la phase de printemps, les caractères externes de l’adulte sont visibles à l’intérieur du tégument de la larve de dernier stade; viennent ensuite la mue et l’apparation de la nymphe. Des coupes de larves en voie de maturation contiennent parfois des larves d’endoparasitoïdes du genre Orthopelma Taschenberg (Hymenoptera : Ichneumonidae).

[Traduit par la Rédaction]

Type
Articles
Information
The Canadian Entomologist , Volume 134 , Issue 4 , August 2002 , pp. 433 - 446
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 2002

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