Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-45l2p Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-29T20:16:56.473Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

REVIEW OF HOLARCTIC TARSONEMID MITES (ACARINA: PROSTIGMATA) PARASITIZING EGGS OF IPINE BARK BEETLES

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 May 2012

Evert E. Lindquist
Evert E. Lindquist*
Affiliation:
Entomology Research Institute, Canada Department of Agriculture, Ottawa, Canada
Get access

Abstract

A group of tarsonemid mites, which are egg parasites of ipine bark beetles, is reviewed on a Holarctic basis. The genus Iponemus (new name for Moseria Beer and Nucifora) is proposed and described for the group, and 24 species or subspecies, including 19 described as new, are described, keyed, and illustrated. A detailed species-group description follows the generic description, and includes several structures hitherto not reported for species of Tarsonemidae. The variation and usefulness of the few characters available for distinguishing forms of Iponemus is discussed, and the provisional treatment of some forms as species and others as subspecies is explained.These mites are among the most host-specific associates of scolytid beetles: 16 of the 18 species or subspecies of Iponemus associated with the nearctic, pine-feeding ipines are monospecific, and each of the other two is restricted to two closely related species of hosts. The mites and the beetles together are considered with regard to size correlations, the degree of host specificity, the mites as taxonomic indicators of their hosts, biogeography, life history, and the role of egg parasitism by the mites in the population regulation of their hosts.

Type
Research Article
Information
The Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada , Volume 101 , Supplement S60 , 1969 , pp. 5 - 111
Copyright
Copyright © Entomological Society of Canada 1969

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Axelrod, D. I. 1957. Late Tertiary floras and the Sierra Nevadan uplift. Bull. geol. Soc. Am. 68: 19–45.Google Scholar
Axelrod, D. I. 1958. Evolution of the Madro-Tertiary geoflora. Bot. Rev. 24: 433–509.Google Scholar
Balazy, S., and Kielczewski, B.. 1965. Tarsonemoides gaebleri Schaarschmidt (Acar., Tarsonemidae)—jajozerny roztocz w zerowiskach kornika drukarza Ips typographus (L.). Polskie Pismo ent. (B) 37–38: 7–18.Google Scholar
Beer, R. E. 1954. A revision of the Tarsonemidae of the Western Hemisphere (Order Acarina). Kans. Univ. Sci. Bull. 36: 1091–1387.Google Scholar
Beer, R. E., and Nucifora, A.. 1965. Revisione dei generi della famiglia Tarsonemidae (Acarina). Boll. Zool. agr. Bachic, Ser. 2, 7: 19–43.Google Scholar
Bombosch, S. 1954. Zur Epidemiologie des Buchdruckers (Ips typographus L.), pp. 239–283. In Wellenstein, G. (ed.), Die grosse Borkenkäferkalamität in Südwestdeutschland 1944–1951. Ringingen, Württemberg.Google Scholar
Canestrini, G., and Fanzago, F.. 1877. Nuovi acari Italiani (seconda serie). Atti Soc. Veneto-Trentina Sci. nat. 5: 130–142.Google Scholar
Chamberlin, W. J. 1939. The bark and timber beetles of North America north of Mexico. Oreg. St. Coll. Coop. Assoc, Corvallis.Google Scholar
Chamberlin, W. J. 1958. The Scolytoidea of the Northwest. Oregon, Washington, Idaho and British Columbia. Ore. St. Monog. Stud. Ent., No. 2.Google Scholar
Chararas, C. 1962. Étude biologique des scolytides des conifères. Encycl. ent., Sér. A, No. 38.Google Scholar
Cohn, T. J. 1965. The arid-land katydids of the North American genus Neobarrettia (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae): their systematics and a reconstruction of their history. Misc. Publs Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich., No. 126.Google Scholar
Critchfield, W. B., and Little, E. L. Jr,. 1966. Geographical distribution of the pines of the world. Misc. Publ. U.S. Dep. Agrie. Forest Serv., No. 991.Google Scholar
Cross, E. A. 1965. The generic relationships of the family Pyemotidae (Acarina: Trombidiformes). Kans. Univ. Sci. Bull. 45: 29–275.Google Scholar
DeLeon, D. 1956. Some mites from Lychee. Descriptions of two new genera and five new species of Tarsonemidae. Fla Ent. 39: 163–174.Google Scholar
Doutt, R. L. 1959. The biology of parasitic Hymenoptera. A. Rev. Ent. 4: 161–182.Google Scholar
Eichhoff, W. 1881. Die Europäischen Borkenkäfer. J. Springer, Berlin.Google Scholar
Ewing, H. E. 1939. A revision of the mites of the subfamily Tarsoneminae of North America, the West Indies and the Hawaiian Islands. Tech. Bull. U.S. Dep. Agric., No. 653.Google Scholar
Gäbler, H. 1947. Milbe als Eiparasit des Buchdruckers (Ips typographus L.). NachrBl. dt. PflSchutzdienst., Stuttg. 1: 113–115.Google Scholar
Ghigi, A. 1909. Ctenofori. In Raccolte planctoniche fatte dalla R. Nave “Liguria” nel viaggio di circonnavigazione del 1903–05…Vol. 2, fase. 1. Pubbl. R. 1st. Stud. sup. prat. perfez. Firenze, Sez. sci. fis. nat.Google Scholar
Haliburton, W. Some factors in the environmental resistance of Ips De Geer. Duke School of Forestry M. For. Thesis, 1943. Unpublished.Google Scholar
Hirschmann, W., and Rühm, W.. 1953. Milben und Fadenwürmer als Symphoristen und Parasiten des Buchdruckers. Mikrokosmos 43: 7–10.Google Scholar
Hirschmann, W., and Rühm, W.. 1954. Milben und Fadenwürmer als Symphoristen und Parasiten des Buchdruckers (Ips typographus). Nachr. naturw. Mus. Aschaffenb. 43: 41–50.Google Scholar
Hirst, S. 1921. On some new or little-known Acari, mostly parasitic in habit. Proc. zool. Soc. Lond. 1921: 357–378.Google Scholar
Hopkins, D. M. 1967. The Cenozoic history of Beringia—a synthesis, pp. 451–484. In Hopkins, D. M. (ed.), The Bering land bridge. Stanford Univ. Press, Stanford.Google Scholar
Hopping, G. R. 1963 a. Generic characters in the tribe Ipini (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), with a new species, a new combination, and new synonymy. Can. Ent. 95: 61–68.Google Scholar
Hopping, G. R. 1963 b. The natural groups of species in the genus Ips De Geer (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in North America. Can. Ent. 95: 508–516.Google Scholar
Hopping, G. R. 1963 c. The North American species in Group I of Ips De Geer (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Can. Ent. 95: 1091–1096.Google Scholar
Hopping, G. R. 1963 d. The North American species in Groups II and III of Ips De Geer (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Can. Ent. 95: 1202–1210.Google Scholar
Hopping, G. R. 1964. The North American species in Groups IV and V of Ips De Geer (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Can. Ent. 96 970–978.Google Scholar
Hopping, G. R. 1965 a. The North American species in Group VIII of Ips De Geer (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Can. Ent. 97: 159–172.Google Scholar
Hopping, G. R. 1965 b. The North American species in Group VII of Ips De Geer (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Can. Ent. 97: 193–198.Google Scholar
Hopping, G. R. 1965 c. The North American species in Group IX of Ips De Geer (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Can. Ent. 97: 422–434.Google Scholar
Hopping, G. R. 1965 d. The North American species in Group VI of Ips De Geer (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Can. Ent. 97: 533–541.Google Scholar
Hopping, G. R. 1965 e. The North American species in Group X of Ips De Geer (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Can. Ent. 97: 803–809.Google Scholar
Howden, H. F. 1963. Speculations on some beetles, barriers, and climates during the Pleistocene and Pre-Pleistocene periods in some non-glaciated portions of North America. Syst. Zool. 12: 178–201.Google Scholar
Hunter, P. E., and Davis, R.. 1963. Observations on Histiostoma gordius (Vitz.) (Anoetidae) and other mites associated with Ips beetles. Proc. ent. Soc. Wash. 65: 287–293.Google Scholar
Karl, E. 1965 a. Untersuchungen zur Morphologie und Ökologie von Tarsonemiden gärtnerischer Kulturpflanzen. I. Tarsonemus pallidus Banks. Biol. Zbl. 84: 47–80.Google Scholar
Karl, E. 1965 b. Untersuchungen zur Morphologie und Ökologie von Tarsonemiden gärtnerischer Kulturpflanzen. II. Hemitarsonemus latus (Banks), Tarsonemus confusus Ewing, T. talpae Schaarschmidt, T. setifer Ewing, T. smithi Ewing and Tarsonemoides belemnitoides Weis-Fogh. Biol. Zbl. 84: 331–357.Google Scholar
Keen, F. P. 1929. Insect enemies of California pines and their control. Bull. Calif. Dep. Nat. Resources, Div. For., No. 7.Google Scholar
Keen, F. P. 1952. Insect enemies of western forests. Misc. Publs U.S. Dep. Agrie, No. 273.Google Scholar
Krczal, H. 1959. Systematik und Ökologie der Pyemotiden. Beitr. Syst. Ökol. mitteleur. Acarina 1, Abschn. 3: 385–625.Google Scholar
Lanier, G. N. 1966. Interspecific mating and cytological studies of closely related species of Ips De Geer and Orthotomicus Ferrari (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Can. Ent. 98: 175–188.Google Scholar
Lanier, G. N. 1967. Ips plastographus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) tunnelling in sapwood of lodgepole pine in California. Can. Ent. 99: 1334–1335.Google Scholar
Lanier, G. N. Biosystematic, cytological and sex ratio studies of closely related bark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Univ. Calif., Berkeley, Ph.D. Diss., 1967. Unpublished.Google Scholar
Lanier, G. N., and Oliver, J. H. Jr,. 1966. “Sex-ratio” condition: unusual mechanisms in bark beetles. Science 153: 208–209.Google Scholar
Lindquist, E. E 1964. Mites parasitizing eggs of bark beetles of the genus Ips. Can. Ent. 96: 125–126.Google Scholar
Lindquist, E. E. 1968. Mites and the regulation of bark beetle populations. Acarologia: Proc. Second Internatn. Congr. Acarology, 1967. In press.Google Scholar
Lindquist, E. E., and Bedard, W. D.. 1961. Biology and taxonomy of mites of the genus Tarsonemoides (Acarina: Tarsonemidae) parasitizing eggs of bark beetles of the genus Ips. Can. Ent. 83: 982–999.Google Scholar
Mayr, E., Linsley, E. G., and Usinger, R. L.. 1953. Methods and principles of systematic zoology. McGraw-Hill, New York.Google Scholar
Mirov, N. T. 1967. The genus Pinus. Ronald Press, New York.Google Scholar
Munroe, E. 1956. Canada as an environment for insect life. Can. Ent. 88: 372–476.Google Scholar
Rack, G. 1959. Acarophenax dermestidarum sp. n. (Acarina, Pyemotidae), ein Eiparasit von Dermestes-Arten. Z. ParasitKde. 19: 411–431.Google Scholar
Reid, R. W. 1957. The bark beetle complex associated with lodgepole pine slash in Alberta. Part III — Notes on the biologies of several predators with special reference to Enoclerus sphegeus Fab. (Coleoptera: Cleridae) and two species of mites. Can. Ent. 89: 111–120.Google Scholar
Rust, H. J. 1933. Many bark beetles destroyed bv predacious mite. J. econ. Ent. 26: 733–734.Google Scholar
Saalas, U. 1923. Die Fichtenkäfer Finnlands. Ann. Acad. Sci. Fennicae, Ser. A, Tom. 22, No. 1.Google Scholar
Schaarschmidt, L. 1959. Systematik und Ökologie der Tarsonemiden. Beitr. Syst. Ökol. mitteleur. Acarina 1, Abschn. 5: 713–823.Google Scholar
Schedl, K. E. 1955. Die Kiefern — Borkenkäfer Guatemalas. Z. angew. Ent. 38: 1–48.Google Scholar
Schedi, K. E. 1964. Zur Synonymie der Borkenkäfer XIV. Reichenbachia 2: 209–223.Google Scholar
Schwarz, E. A. 1886. Remarks on North American scolytids. Ent. Am. 2: 40–42, 54–56.Google Scholar
Stebbing, E. P. 1914. Indian forest insects of economic importance. Coleoptera. Eyre and Spottiswoode, London.Google Scholar
Suski, Z. W. 1966. Nomenclature of leg setation in the mite family Tarsonemidae (Acarina), (Heterostigmata). Bull. Acad. pol. Sci. Cl. II Sér. Sci. biol. 14: 635–638.Google Scholar
Swaine, J. M. 1918. Canadian bark beetles, Part II. A preliminary classification, with an account of the habits and means of control. Tech. Bull. Can. Dep. Agrie, No. 14.Google Scholar
Terry, J. R. Studies of tarsonemid mites associated with bark beetles and with rice. La St. Univ., M.Sc. Thesis, 1966. Unpublished.Google Scholar
Thalenhorst, W. 1958. Grundzüge der Populationsdynamik des grossen Fichtenborkenkäfers Ips typographus L. SchrReihe forstl. Fak. Univ. Göttingen 21.Google Scholar
Thomas, J. B. 1967. A comparative study of gastric caeca in adult and larval stages of bark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). Proc ent. Soc. Ont. 97: 71–90.Google Scholar
Trägårdh, I. 1905. Acariden aus Ägypten und dem Sudan. In Jägerskiöld, L. A. (ed.), Results of the Swedish Zoological Expedition to Egypt and the White Nile 1901. Part 2, No. 17.Google Scholar
Vitzthum, H. 1921. Acarologische Beobachtungen, 5. Reihe. Arch. Naturgesch. 87, Abt. A, Heft 4: 1–77.Google Scholar
Weise, J. 1922. Chrysomeliden der Indo-Malayischen Region. Tijdschr. Ent. 65: 39–130.Google Scholar
Wolfe, J. A., and Leopold, E. B.. 1967. Neogene and early Quaternary vegetation of north-western North America and northeastern Asia, pp. 193–206. In Hopkins, D. M. (ed.), The Bering land bridge. Stanford Univ. Press.Google Scholar
Wood, D. L., and Lanier, G. N.. Specificity of sex attractants in the genus Ips DeGeer (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). In preparation.Google Scholar
Wood, S. L. 1957. Distributional notes on and synonymies of some North American Scolytidae (Coleoptera). Can. Ent. 89: 396–403.Google Scholar
Wood, S. L. 1966. New synonymy in the Platypodidae and Scolytidae (Coleoptera). Gt Basin Nat. 26: 17–23.Google Scholar