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Review

Pityriasis rosea, Gianotti-Crosti syndrome, asymmetric periflexural exanthem, papular-purpuric gloves and socks syndrome, eruptive pseudoangiomatosis, and eruptive hypomelanosis: do their epidemiological data substantiate infectious etiologies?

1
JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong and Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong
2
Department of Dermatology, Godavari Foundation Medical College and Research Center, DUPMCJ, India
3
Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
4
Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Infect. Dis. Rep. 2016, 8(1), 6418; https://doi.org/10.4081/idr.2016.6418
Submission received: 18 January 2016 / Revised: 18 January 2016 / Accepted: 24 February 2016 / Published: 21 March 2016

Abstract

Many clinical and laboratory-based studies have been reported for skin rashes which may be due to viral infections, namely pityriasis rosea (PR), Gianotti-Crosti syndrome (GCS), asymmetric periflexural exanthem/unilateral laterothoracic exanthem (APE/ULE), papularpurpuric gloves and socks syndrome (PPGSS), and eruptive pseudo-angiomatosis (EP). Eruptive hypomelanosis (EH) is a newly discovered paraviral rash. Novel tools are now available to investigate the epidemiology of these rashes. To retrieve epidemiological data of these exanthema and analyze whether such substantiates or refutes infectious etiologies. We searched for articles published over the last 60 years and indexed by PubMed database. We then analyzed them for universality, demography, concurrent patients, temporal and spatial-temporal clustering, mini-epidemics, epidemics, and other clinical and geographical associations. Based on our criteria, we selected 55, 60, 29, 36, 20, and 4 articles for PR, GCS, APE/ULE, PPGSS, EP, and EH respectively. Universality or multiple-continental reports are found for all exanthema except EH. The ages of patients are compatible with infectious causes for PR, GCS, APE/ULE, and EH. Concurrent patients are reported for all. Significant patient clustering is demonstrated for PR and GCS. Mini-epidemics and epidemics have been reported for GCS, EP, and EH. The current epidemiological data supports, to a moderate extent, that PR, GCS, and APE could be caused by infectious agents. Support for PPGSS is marginal. Epidemiological evidences for infectious origins for EP and EH are inadequate. There might be growing epidemiological evidence to substantiate or to refute our findings in the future.
Keywords: papular acrodermatitis of childhood; paraviral exanthema; regression analyses with bootstrapped simulations; temporal clustering; unilateral mediothoracic exanthema papular acrodermatitis of childhood; paraviral exanthema; regression analyses with bootstrapped simulations; temporal clustering; unilateral mediothoracic exanthema

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MDPI and ACS Style

Chuh, A.; Zawar, V.; Sciallis, G.F.; Kempf, W.; Lee, A. Pityriasis rosea, Gianotti-Crosti syndrome, asymmetric periflexural exanthem, papular-purpuric gloves and socks syndrome, eruptive pseudoangiomatosis, and eruptive hypomelanosis: do their epidemiological data substantiate infectious etiologies? Infect. Dis. Rep. 2016, 8, 6418. https://doi.org/10.4081/idr.2016.6418

AMA Style

Chuh A, Zawar V, Sciallis GF, Kempf W, Lee A. Pityriasis rosea, Gianotti-Crosti syndrome, asymmetric periflexural exanthem, papular-purpuric gloves and socks syndrome, eruptive pseudoangiomatosis, and eruptive hypomelanosis: do their epidemiological data substantiate infectious etiologies? Infectious Disease Reports. 2016; 8(1):6418. https://doi.org/10.4081/idr.2016.6418

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chuh, Antonio, Vijay Zawar, Gabriel F. Sciallis, Werner Kempf, and Albert Lee. 2016. "Pityriasis rosea, Gianotti-Crosti syndrome, asymmetric periflexural exanthem, papular-purpuric gloves and socks syndrome, eruptive pseudoangiomatosis, and eruptive hypomelanosis: do their epidemiological data substantiate infectious etiologies?" Infectious Disease Reports 8, no. 1: 6418. https://doi.org/10.4081/idr.2016.6418

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