This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
An Optical and Numerical Characterization of Directly Injected Compressed Natural Gas Jet Development at Engine-Relevant Conditions
Technical Paper
2019-01-0294
ISSN: 0148-7191, e-ISSN: 2688-3627
This content contains downloadable datasets
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
Compressed natural gas (CNG) is an attractive, alternative fuel for spark-ignited (SI), internal combustion (IC) engines due to its high octane rating, and low energy-specific CO2 emissions compared with gasoline. Directly-injected (DI) CNG in SI engines has the potential to dramatically decrease vehicles’ carbon emissions; however, optimization of DI CNG fueling systems requires a thorough understanding of the behavior of CNG jets in an engine environment.
This paper therefore presents an experimental and modeling study of DI gaseous jets, using methane as a surrogate for CNG. Experiments are conducted in a non-reacting, constant volume chamber (CVC) using prototype injector hardware at conditions relevant to modern DI engines. The schlieren imaging technique is employed to investigate how the extent of methane jets is impacted by changing thermodynamic conditions in the fuel rail and chamber.
Post-processing of these optical results presents challenges because of the similarity between the density of methane and the background nitrogen. A methodology to interpret the jet extent in the high-speed movies is therefore proposed and used to quantify methane jet propagation and structure. The processed experimental results are compared 1D gas dynamics models and previously established jet penetration correlations. Exploiting the theory of underexpanded gas jets and using simple arguments, several experimental trends are qualitatively captured by the 1D model.
Recommended Content
Authors
- Joshua Lacey - University of Melbourne
- Marie Meulemans - University of Melbourne
- Farzad Poursadegh - Georgia Institute of Technology
- Michael Brear - University of Melbourne
- Phred Petersen - RMIT University
- Ulrich Kramer - Ford-Werke GmbH
- Adam Smith - Ford Motor Co Ltd
- Mike Hornby - Continental
- Doug Cosby - Continental
- Perry Czimmek - Continental
Topic
Citation
Lacey, J., Meulemans, M., Poursadegh, F., Brear, M. et al., "An Optical and Numerical Characterization of Directly Injected Compressed Natural Gas Jet Development at Engine-Relevant Conditions," SAE Technical Paper 2019-01-0294, 2019, https://doi.org/10.4271/2019-01-0294.Data Sets - Support Documents
Title | Description | Download |
---|---|---|
Unnamed Dataset 1 | ||
Unnamed Dataset 2 |
Also In
References
- Das , A. and Watson , H.C. Development of a Natural Gas Spark Ignition Engine for Optimum Performance Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 211 5 361 378 1997
- Orbaiz , P. et al. A Comparative Study of a Spark Ignition Engine Running on Hydrogen, Synthesis Gas and Natural Gas SAE Int. J. Engines 6 1 23 44 2013 10.4271/2013-01-0229
- Geok , H.H. et al. Experimental Investigation of Performance and Emission of a Sequential Port Injection Natural Gas Engine European Journal of Scientific Research 30 2 204 214 2009
- Einewall , P. , Tunestal , P. , and Johansson , B. Lean Burn Natural Gas Operation vs. Stoichiometric Operation with EGR and a Three Way Catalyst SAE Technical Paper 2005-01-0250 2005 10.4271/2005-01-0250
- Vijayakumar , V. et al. Characterization of Ultrafine Particle Emissions from a Heavy Duty CNG Engine through Endurance Tests SAE Technical Paper 2017-01-0778 2017 10.4271/2017-01-0778
- Atibeh , P.A. et al. Lean Limit Combustion Analysis for a Spark Ignition Natural Gas Internal Combustion Engine 185 Combustion Science and Technology 2013 1151 1168
- Adlercreutz , A. et al. Optimizing the Natural Gas Engine for CO2 reduction SAE Technical Paper 2016-01-0875 2016 10.4271/2016-01-0875
- Cho , H.M. and He , B. Spark Ignition Natural Gas Engines - A Review Energy Conversion and Management 48 608 618 2006
- Draper , R. et al. Measured and Predicted Performance of a Downsized, Medium Duty, Natural Gas Engine SAE Technical Paper 2017-01-0775 2017 10.4271/2017-01-0775
- Sevik , J. et al. Performance, Efficiency and Emissions Assessment of Natural Gas Direct Injection Compared to Gasoline and Natural Gas Port-Fuel Injection in an Automotive Engine SAE Int. J. Engines 9 2 1130 1142 10.4271/2016-01-0806
- Harrington , J. et al. Direction Injection of Natural Gas in a Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine SAE Technical Paper 2002-01-1630 2022 10.4271/2002-01-1630
- Korakianitis , T. , Namasivayam , A.M. , and Crookes , R.J. Natural-Gas Fueled Spark-Ignition (SI) and Compression-Ignition (CI) Engine Performance and Emissions Progress in Energy and Combustion Science 37 1 89 112 2011
- Mabson , C.W.J. et al. Combustion and Emissions of Paired-Nozzle Jets in a Pilot-Ignited Direct-Injection Natural Gas Engine SAE Technical Paper 2016-01-0807 2016 10.4271/2016-01-0807
- Papagiannakis , R.G. et al. Emission Characteristics of High Speed, Dual Fuel, Compression Ignition Engine Operating in a Wide Range of Natural Gas/Diesel Fuel Proportions Fuel 89 7 1397 1406 2010
- Korakianitis , T. , Namasivayam , A.M. , and Crookes , R.J. Diesel and Rapeseed Methyl Ether (RME) Pilot Fuels for Hydrogen and Natural Gas Dual-Fuel Combustion in Compression-Ignition Engines Fuel 90 2384 2395 2011
- Langness , C. and Depcik , C. Statistical Analyses of CNG Constituents on Dual-fuel Compression Ignition Combustion SAE Technical Paper 2016-01-0802 2016 10.4271/2016-01-0802
- Choi , M. , Song , J. , and Park , S. Modeling of the Fuel Injection and Combustion Process in a CNG Direct Injection Engine Fuel 179 168 178 2016
- Friedrich , W. et al. The Impact of a Combustion Chamber Optimization on the Mixture Formation and Combustion in a CNG-DI Engine in Stratified Operation SAE Technical Paper 2017-01-0779 2017 10.4271/2017-01-0779
- Seboldt , D. , Lejsek , D. , and Bargende , M. Injection Strategies for Low HC Raw Emissions in SI Engines with CNG Direct Injection 1 Automotive Engine Technology 2016 81 91
- Hornby , M. et al. Gas Direct Injector with Reduced Leakage United States Continental Automotive Systems Inc 2016
- Lemmon , E.W. , Huber , M.L. , and McLinden , M.O. 2013
- Setzmann , U. and Wagner , W. A New Equation of State and Tables of Thermodynamic Properties for Methane Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data 20 6 1061 1151 1991
- Lindeberg , T. Detecting Salient Blob-Like Image Structures and Their Scales with a Scale-Space Primal Sketch: A Method for Focus-of-Attention International Journal of Computer Vision 11 3 283 318 1993
- Canny , J. A Computational Approach to Edge Detection IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 8 6 679 698 1986
- Ewan , B.C.R. and Moodie , K. Structure and Velocity Measurements in Underexpanded Jets Combustion Science and Technology 45 5-6 275 288 1986
- Ouellette , P. and Hill , P.G. Turbulent Transient Gas Injections Journal of Fluids Engineering 122 4 743 752 2000