This content is not included in
your SAE MOBILUS subscription, or you are not logged in.
Dynamic Modeling in Engineering
Annotation ability available
Sector:
Language:
English
Abstract
This paper presents a detailed, yet by no means exhaustive, survey of the application of mathematical modeling and simulation to dynamic problems in various engineering fields. After a brief discussion of the steps involved in the modeling process, applications are cited in the fields of aircraft design, control systems, circuit analysis and synthesis, structures, process control, vehicles other than aircraft, and human performance. Detailed consideration is given to two examples: design and optimization of an aircraft control system, and prediction of nonperiodic structural loading on a rotary wing. Finally, it is suggested how techniques successfully applied in other fields can aid in automotive vehicle safety studies.
Topic
Citation
Leonard, ., Segel, ., and Murphy, R., "Dynamic Modeling in Engineering," SAE Technical Paper 670892, 1967, https://doi.org/10.4271/670892.Also In
References
- Shigley J. E. “Simulation of Mechanical Systems: An Introduction.” New York McGraw-Hill 1967
- Buckland C. “Continuous Flight Simulation.” Northwest Simulation Council Meeting Seattle December 1966
- Benham R. D. “Systems Analysis and Simulation.” Special Report, Computers and Control Section, Applied Physics and Electronics Dept. Battelle-Northwest, Richland, Wash. 1966
- Wallace G. F. “The Character of Simulation.” Simulation 8 5 May 1967 252 4
- Johnson C. L. “Analog Computer Techniques.” New York McGraw-Hill 2nd Edition 1963
- James M. L. Smith G. M. Wolford J. C. “Analog and Digital Computer Methods in Engineering Analysis.” Scranton, Pa. International Textbook Co. 1964
- Brennan R. D. Linebarger R. N. “A Survey of Digital Simulation: Digital Analog Simulator Programs.” Simulation 3 6 December 1964 22 36
- Peterson H. E. Sansom F. J. “MIMIC -- A Digital Simulator Program.” Systems Engineering Group, Wright Patterson AFB Ohio May 1965
- Syn W. M. Wyman D. G. Linebarger R. N. “DSL/90 Digital Simulation Language (7090/94 Program).” Systems Development Division, IBM Corp. San Jose, Calif. June 1965
- Anon “DES-1 Differential Equation Solver Reference Manual.” October 1965
- Anon “Systems/360 Continuous System Modeling Program (360A-CX-16C) Application Description.” IBM Corp. 1967
- Harnett R. T. Sansom F. J. Warshawsky L. M. “MIDAS Programming Guide.” Systems Engineering Group, Wright-Patterson AFB Ohio January 1964
- Truitt T. D. “Hybrid Computation … What Is It? Who Needs It?” IEEE Spectrum June 1964 132 146
- Reed E. F. Schuh R. P. Missall E. “An Integrated Software System for Hybrid Flight Simulation: The Boeing Hybrid Simulator.” December 1966 1722
- Shevell R. S. Schaufele R. D. “Aerodynamic Design Features of the DC-9.” J. Aircraft 3 6 November-December 1966 515 523
- Montgomery R. C. Moul M. T. “Analysis of Deep Stall Characteristics of T-Tailed Aircraft Configurations and Some Recovery Procedures.” J. Aircraft 3 6 November-December 1966 562 566
- Murphy R. W. “Optimum Design of a Take Off/Go-Around Computer System for Transport Aircraft.” Northwest Simulation Council Meeting Seattle June 1967
- White A. “X-B70 Simulation … and Flight Experience.” Simulation 5 3 September 1965 173
- Vogeley A. W. “Piloted Space-Flight Simulation at Langley Research Center.”
- McNulty C. F. “Flight Simulation Techniques.”
- Havranek W. A. “The Role of a Hybrid Computer in Supersonic Transport Simulation.” Simulation 7 2 August 1966 91 97
- Idler A. L. “Hybrid Flight Simulation.” Northwest Simulation Council Meeting Seattle December 1966
- Snyder E. L. Wan P. S. “A Digital Approach to the Dynamic Simulation of a V/STOL Vehicle.” Northwest Simulation Council Meeting Seattle December 1966
- O'Brien J. P. Sawyer R. H. “Simulating SST Operations - The Background.” Astronautics and Aeronautics May 1966 76
- Kinneally W. J. Mitchell E. E. Hay I. Bolton G. “Hybrid Simulation of a Helicopter.” SJCC Boston April 1966
- Kalman R. E. Bertram J. E. “Control System Analysis and Design Via the 'Second Method' of Lyapunov, Part I, Continuous Time Systems.” Transaction of the ASME 82 1960 371 391
- Monopoli R. V. “Controller Design for Non-Linear and Time Varying Plants.” January 1965
- Bakken O. A. “Some Practical Considerations in the Application of Modern Control to Aerospace Vehicles.” JACC Philadelphia June 1967
- Gieseking D. “An Optimum Distable Controller for Increased Missile Autopilot Performance.” JACC 1963 553 557
- Grayson L. P. “Design Via Lyapunov's Second Method.” JACC 553 557
- Murphy R. W. “Lyapunov's Direct Method Applied to Model Reference Control.” National Simulation Council Meeting San Francisco November 1966
- Shipley P. P. “An Adaptive Flight Control System.”
- Sanathanan C. K. Carter J. C. Bryant L. T. Amiot L. W. “Hybrid Computers in the Analysis of Feedback Control Systems.” Fall Joint Computer Conference 1966 743 757
- Vernon R. M. “Electronic Analog Simulation of Satellite Thermal and Power System Characteristics.” 1966
- Parks P. “Lyapunov Redesign of Model Reference Adaptive Control Systems.” JACC Seattle June 1966
- Norris A. “The Analog Method in Electronics.” Simulation 3 5 November 1964 55 62
- Hannalier G. “Simulation of Tunnel-Diode Switching Circuit.” Instruments and Control Systems April 1966 147
- Venning B. H. Rathmell R. A. “Electronic Circuit Performance Using Analogue Techniques with Reference to Component Tolerance.” 1966
- Amato C. J. “Analog Computer Simulation of an SCR as Applied to a Cycloconverter.” IEEE Transactions on Industry and General Applications March/April 1966 137
- Casazza J. J. “Staff Report: Computer Aided Design.” Electronic Design 14 3 October 11 1966
- Moll J. L. “Large Signal Transient Response of Junction Transistors.” XLII December 1964 1773 1784
- Ebers J. J. Moll J. L. “Large-Signal Behavior of Junction Transistors.” XLII December 1964 1761 1772
- Sokal N. O. Sierakowski J. J. “Use a Good Switching Transistor Model.” Electronic Design 15 12 June 7 1967
- Sokal N. O. Sierakowski J. J. Sirota J. J. “Diode Model is Analyzed by Computer.” Electronic Design 15 14 July 5 1967
- Malmberg A. F. Cornwell F. L. Hofer F. N. “NET-1 Network Analysis Program, 7090/94.” Los Alamos, N. M. Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory 1964
- Sedore S. R. Sents J. R. “SCEPTRE Gives Designers New Power.” Electronic Design 15 6 March 5 1967
- Field R. K. “Mighty SCEPTRE Analyzes Any Circuit.” Electronic Design 14 16 November 22 1966
- Guertin L. J. “COMRADE, Computer Aid to Design.” National Simulation Council Fall Meeting San Francisco November 1966
- Shirley F. A. “You Don't Have to Be a Programmer.” Electronic Design 15 8 March 12 1967
- Leffert R. L. “Dynamic Simulation of Vehicle Directional Control Using a Time Sharing Terminal Computer System.” Midwestern Simulation Council Meeting Peoria, ill. September 1967
- Herzog B. “Mechanical Vibration Simulation: Past and Future.” IBM Scientific Computing Symposium on Digital Simulation of Continuous Systems, Watson Research Center Yorktown Heights, N. Y. June 1966
- Fenues S. J. Logcher R. D. Mauch S. P. “Stress: A Reference Manual.” Cambridge, Mass. MIT Press 1965
- Anon “Structural Engineering System Solver (Stress).”
- Logcher R. D. Mazzotta S. G. Teague L. C. Jr “Languages for User-Defined Member Design Processes.” J. Struct. Div. ASCE 93 June 1967 257 272
- Razani R. “Computer Analysis of Highway Bridge Girders.” J. Struct. Division ASCE 93 February 1967 319 341
- Rubenstein M. F. “Analysis of Large Frames on a Small Computer.” J. Franklin Institute 280 August 2 1965 101 119
- Douty R. T. Carnahan B. Katz D. L. Seider W. D. “Computers in Engineering Design Education.” Civil Engineering III U. of Michigan, College of Engineering Ann Arbor, Mich. April 1 1966
- Clymer A. B. “Methods of Simulating Structural Dynamics.” Simulation 7 4 October 1966 171 186
- Clymer A. B. “Operational Analog Simulation of the Vibration of a Beam and a Rectangular Multicellular Structure.” Simulation 3 1 July 1964 18 31
- Goldman R. L. Miessner W. W. “Longitudinal Oscillation Instability Study - POGO.” Simulation 6 1 January 1966
- Kennedy J. C. Jr Cook G. J. “Identification and Simulation of Antenna Dynamics.” Midwestern Simulation Council Meeting Peoria, III. September 1967
- Barnkowski R. L. “Dynamic Characteristics of Square Plates by Passive Analog Simulation.” January 1967
- Barnkowski R. L. “Basic Analog Circuits for Two-Dimensional Distributed Elastic Structures.” January 1967
- Wasserman L. Kuntz W. A. “The Roles of Scaled Physical Models for Dynamic Simulations.” Midwestern Simulation Council Meeting Peoria, III. September 1967
- Cameron W. D. Taylor G. R. “Examples of Analog Computer Applications in Nuclear Processes.” Simulation 2 4 April 1964 23 39
- Johnson M. L. Lupfer D. E. “Distillation Column Models.” Chemical Engineering Progress June 1966 75
- Ruszky R. Mitchell E. L. “Hybrid Simulation of a Reacting Distillation Column.” SJCC Boston April 1966
- Godfrey W. L. Benham R. D. “Analog Simulation of a Counter-Current Crystallation Process.” Simulation 4 1 January 1965 26 33
- Shannon P. T. Johnson A. J. Crowe C. M. Hoffman R. W. Hamielec A. E. Woods D. R. “Computer Simulation of a Sulfuric Acid Plant.” Chemical Engineering Progress June 1966 49
- Coughren K. D. Swanson C. D. Thieme G. G. “Analog Simulation of Hanford Dual Purpose Reactor Plant.” Simulation 5 6 December 1965 393 404
- Goldstein R. Hwa C. S. “Modeling and Analysis of Complex Reactors by Computer Simulation.” American Chemical Society Meeting Pittsburgh March 1966
- Anson D. “Modelling Experience with Large Boilers.” Naval Engineering Journal 79 3 June 1967 484 490
- Giese C. “Determination of Best Kinetic Coefficient of a Dynamic Chemical Process by Online Digital Simulation.” Simulation 8 3 March 1967 141 145
- Nesbit R. A. Engel R. D. “An Example Program for the Determination of Chemical Rate Coefficients from Experimental Data.” Simulation 8 3 March 1967 133 137
- Littman R. Chen T. S. “Simulation of Bull Run Supercritical Generation Unit.” IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems July 1966 711
- Harvey R. A. “Hydro System Optimization Model.” BNWL-SA-1088, Battelle Northwest Richland, Wash. March 1 1967 Northwest Simulation Council Meeting Spokane, Wash. March 1967
- Harvey R. A. “Analog Technique for Optimizing Dynamic Systems.” BNWL-SA-941, Battelle Northwest Richland, Wash. October 12 1966
- Peterson H. A. Krause P. C. Jr Luini J. F. Thomas C. H. “An Analog Computer Study of a Parallel AC and DC Power System.” Power Apparatus and Systems March 1966 191
- Hetling L. J. O'Connell R. L. “A Study of Tidal Dispersion in the Potomic River.”
- Otoba K. Shibatani K. Kuwata H. “Flood Simulator for the River Kitakami.” Simulation 4 2 February 1965 86 98
- Bundorf R. T. Pollock D. E. Hardin M. C. “Vehicle Handling Response to Aerodynamic Inputs.” SAE Summer Meeting Atlantic City June 1963
- Jeska R. D. “A Comparison of Real and Simulated Automobile Suspension Systems.” University of Michigan, Willow Run Research Center February 1953
- Kohr R. H. “Analysis and Simulation of Automobile Ride.” 69 1961 110 119
- Hales F. P. Barter N. F. Slack I. R. Skinner M. J. “The Lateral Stability of Articulated Vehicles under Braking Conditions.”
- Ellis J. R. “The Dynamic of Vehicles During Braking.” Symposium on Control of Vehicles During Braking and Cornering, The Institution of Mechanical Engineers June 1963
- Beauvais F. N. Garelis C. Iacovoni D. H. “An Improved Analog for Vehicle Stability Analysis.” SAE International Automotive Engineering Congress Detroit January 1961
- Segel L. “On the Lateral Stability and Control of the Automobile as Influenced by the Dynamics of the Steering System.” Journal of Engineering for Industry (Transactions of the ASME) 88 3 August 1966
- Segel L. “Theoretical Prediction and Experimental Substantiation of the Response of the Automobile to Steering Control.” Proceedings of the Automobile Division, The Institution of Mechanical Engineers 7 1956-7 310
- Eda H. Crone Jr. C. Lincoln “Steering Characteristics of Ships in Calm Water and Waves.” Annual Meeting of SNAME New York November 1965
- Denis M. St. Pierson W. J. “On the Motions of Ships in Confused Seas.” Transactions, Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers 61 1953 250 332
- Korrin-Kroukovsky B. V. “Theory of Seakeeping.” The Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers New York 1961
- Golovato P. “A Study of the Transient Pitching Oscillations of a Ship.” Journal of Ship Research 2 4 22 30
- Dalzell J. F. “Cross-spectral Analysis of Ship Model Motions: A Destroyer Model in Irregular Long-Crested Head Seas.” Institute of Technology - Davidson Laboratory Report No. 810
- Bell J. “Ship Stabilization, Automatic Controls, Computed and in Practice.” Proceedings Institution of Electrical Engineers 104 1957 20 26
- Chadwick J. H. “On the Stabilization of Roll.” Trans. of Society Naval Architects and Marine Engineers 63 1955 237
- Stallard D. V. “Preliminary Design of a Roll Stabilization System for a Ship.” Journal of Basic Engineering, Transactions of ASME, Series D. 83 1961 125 131
- Lewis E. V. Jacobs W. R. “Preliminary Study of the Influence of Controlled Fins on Ship Pitching and Heaving.” Stevens Institute of Technology, Experimental Towing Tank Tech. Note 379 1957
- Norrbin N. H. “A Study of Course Keeping and Maneuvering Performance.” Publications of Swedish State Shipbuilding Experimental Tank 1960
- Korvin-Kroukovsky B. V. “Directional Stability and Control of Craft in Rough Seas.” Ship Behavior at Sea, Stevens Institute of Technology Hoboken, N. J. June 1960
- Bogdan L. Rynaski E. Segel L. White W. J. “Final Report: Ship Control Information Study (SUBIC).” Cornell Aeronautical Lab. Report No. IM-1306-V-2 July 1959
- Ogilvie T. F. “Recent Progress Toward the Understanding and Prediction of Ship Motions.” Fifth Symposium on Naval Hydrodynamics Bergen, Norway September 1964
- Strandhagen A. G. “Comprehensive Report on Submerged Oscillating Hydrofoils.” Notre Dame University Progress Report No. 3, (AD 70176) June 1955
- Asseo S. J. Dell'Amico F. “An Analysis of Three Hydrofoil Boat Control Systems.” Cornell Aeronautical Lab. Report VW-1947-V-1 May 14 1965
- Ogilvie T. F. “Hydrofoil Craft in Waves.” Ship Behavior at Sea, Stevens Institute of Technology Hoboken, N. J. June 1960
- Asseo S. J. “Simplifying Assumptions in the Longitudinal Equations of Motion of a Hydrofoil Boat.” Cornell Research Laboratory FDM 379 September 1965
- Jagger D. H. Notess C. B. Segel L. “The Alleviation of Rough-Water Loads on Sea Planes Using Automatic Control Techniques.” Cornell Aeronautical Lab. Report No. TB-1315-F-1 June 1960
- Kochenburger R. J. Knapp C. H. Abate R. A. “Alternative Autopilot Configurations for Automatic Submarine Control.” General Dynamics/Electric Boat Research and Development Dept. Report No. U417-61-005 September 1961
- Schroeder E. Wilson W. “Phase II - Final Report on the Hydrodynamics and Stability and Control of a Tandem Propeller Submarine.” Cornell Aeronautical Lab. Report AG-1634-V-3 August 1963
- Segel L. “Display Versus Vehicle Augmentation as a Means of Improving Man-Vehicle Performance.”
- Pierce S. E. Kelly W. A. “Techniques for Rocket Engine Simulation.” Simulation 5 5 November 1965 339 348
- Durand H. P. “Simulation of Jet Engine Transient Performance.”
- Cripe A. R. “The United Aircraft High Speed Train Suspension Design.”
- Gagne R. E. Wright E. J. “Hybrid Simulation of a Free Piston Engine.” SJCC Boston April 1966
- Litherland D. E. Norgren W. M. “G. E. M. Control System Study.” Final Engineering Report, NASA Report N66-13802 August 16 1965
- Sullivan P. R. Schoeffler J. D. “Digital Simulation of Paper Machine Dynamics.” Simulation 6 4 April 1966 116
- Albeck D. R. “Simulating a Jet Gas Turbine with an Analog Computer.” Simulation 7 3 September 1966 149 155
- Gregg L. T. “On Computer Simulation of Human Operator Performance.” Simulation 5 1 July 1965 61 68
- Anon “Human Response Dynamics.” Goodyear Aircraft Corporation Report No. GER-8033 January 1957
- McRuer D. T. Krendall E. S. “The ManMa-chine System Concept.” Proc. of IRE May 1962 1117 1123
- Ashkenas I. L. McRuer D. T. “A Theory of Handling Qualities Derived from Pilot-Vehicle System Considerations.” Aerospace Engineering 21 2 February 1962 60 61
- Jackson G. A. “Measuring Human Performance with a Parameter Tracking Version of the Cross Over Model.” Doctoral Dessertation, Univ. of Mich. Ann Arbor 1967
- Washizu K. Miyajima K. “Controllability Limit of a Human Pilot.” AIAA Journal 3 5 May 1965 941 947
- Witt J. H. “Manual Tracking Capabilities in a Shipboard Environment.” Human Factors Conference Washington, D. C March 1966
- Taylor L. “Information in Advance.” Flight International October 27 1966 706 707
- Cannon C. H. “Military and Civil All Weather Landing System for C-141.” J. Aircraft 3 6 Nov.-Dec. 1966 529 534
- Tuomela C. H. “Angle of Attack as an Aid to Flying.” 650250 SAE National Aeronautic Meeting Washington, D. C. April 1965
- Crawford C. C. Gandy C. L. “KC-135A Heavy Weight Takeoff Performance Tests.” October 1958
- Hattendorff E. R. “An Angle of Attack Guidance System for Rotation/Climb-out and Go-around.” International Conference on Military Electronics, Conf. Proc. 8 450 454 1954
- Rauschelbach P. A. “Rotation/Go-around Instrument Guidance System.” 13th Annual Air Force Science and Engineering Symposium, University of Tennessee Space Institute Tullahoma, Tenn. September 1966
- Blakelock J. H. “Automatic Control of Aircraft and Missiles.” New York John Wiley and Sons 1965
- Murphy R. W. “Performance Study of GAAS Breadboard Prototype with Simulated C-5A Air Vehicle.” United Control Corp. Redmond, Wash. April 24 1967
- Blankenship B. L. Harvey K. W. “A Digital Analysis for Helicopter Performance and Rotor Blade Bending Moments.” Journal of the American Helicopter Society 7 4 October 1962
- Gerstenberger W. Wood E. R. “Analysis of Helicopter Aeroelastic Characteristics in High-Speed Flight.” American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Journal 1 10 October 1963
- Berman A. “A New Approach to the Solution of Rotor Blade Dynamics Problems.” Journal of the American Helicopter Society 10 3 July 1965
- Piziali R. A. “Method for Solution of the Aeroelastic Response Problems for Rotating Wings.” Symposium on the Noise and Loading Actions on Helicopter V/STOL Aircraft and Ground Effect Machines August 30-September 3, 1965
- Harrison J. M. Ollerhead J. B. “The Nature of Limitations Imposed on the Performance of a Helicopter Rotor.” Symposium on the Noise and Loading Actions on Helicopter V/STOL Aircraft and Ground Effect Machines August 30 - September 3, 1965
- Lemnios A. Z. “A Nonlinear Aeroelastic Loads Analysis of Rotary Wings.” AIAA Symposium on Structural Dynamics and Aeroelasticity August 30-September 1, 1965
- Duhon J. M. Harvey K. W. Blankenship B. L. “Computer Flight Testing of Rorocraft.” Journal of the American Helicopter Society 10 4 October 1965
- Trenka A. R. “Development of a Method for Predicting the Performance and Stresses of VTOL-Type Propellers.” U. S. Army Aviation Materiel Laboratories, USAAVLABS Technical Report 66-26
- Willmer M. A. P. “The Loading of Helicopter Blades in Forward Flight.” Aeronautical Research Council R. & M. 3318 April 1959
- Piziali R. A. DuWaldt F. A. “Computation of Rotary Wing Air Loads and Comparison with Experimental Results.” American Helicopter Society Eighteenth Annual National Forum 1962
- Miller R. H. “On the Computation of Airloads Acting on Rotor Blades in Forward Flight.” Journal of the American Helicopter Society 7 2 1962
- Segel L. “A Method for Predicting the Non-Periodic Air Loads on a Rotary Wing.” Journal of Aircraft 3 6 1966
- Segel L. “Rotor Air Loads, Blade Motion, and Stress Caused by Transient Inputs of Shaft Torque as Related to Stoppable Rotor Operation.” United States Army Aviation Laboratories Report 67-18 May 1967
- Targoff W. P. “The Bending Vibrations of a Twisted Rotating Beam.” Wright Air Development Center, WADA Technical Report 56-27 December 1955