Published January 6, 2022 | Version version 1
Working paper Open

CCG Working Paper Series: E-mobility and renewables integration: Making e-mobility and renewable energy integration work in Asia and the Pacific

  • 1. University of Oxford
  • 2. Sustain2030
  • 3. Asian Development Bank
  • 4. Independent Consultant
  • 5. Loughborough University

Description

New electricity demand from e-mobility can incentivize investment in new clean generation and grid infrastructure, thus improving power system services. As electric vehicle charging is flexible, this demand can be shifted to follow supply from low-cost variable renewables, like wind and solar. In this working paper, we identify nine key barriers to effective e-mobility/ renewable energy integration, which revolve around upfront cost, locked-in governance and technology uptake. We present a framework of enablers for effective e-mobility and renewable energy integration. The framework divides enablers into four categories and subdivides them into ten subcategories. We identify enablers according to this framework, which will be used as a base from which to develop practical solutions in the Asia-Pacific context. Through presentation of a case study, we demonstrate how these enablers can make ‘win-win’ solutions in e-mobility and renewable energy integration a reality in making tangible contributions to Asia-Pacific countries’ decarbonization pathways while increasing access to mobility and electricity.

Files

E-mobility_06-Jan.pdf

Files (8.2 MB)

Name Size Download all
md5:8a35f9f2b598896a7bfaf666109026ea
8.2 MB Preview Download

Additional details

References

  • K. A. Collett, S. A. Hirmer, H. Dalkmann, C. Crozier, Y. Mulugetta, and M. D. Mcculloch, "Can electric vehicles be good for Sub- Saharan Africa?," Energy Strateg. Rev., vol. 38, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.esr.2021.100722
  • J. Lukuyu, A. Muhebwa, and J. Taneja, "Fish and Chips: Converting Fishing Boats for Electric Mobility to Serve as Minigrid Anchor Loads," in e-Energy 2020 - Proceedings of the 11th ACM International Conference on Future Energy Systems, 2020, vol. 20, pp. 208–219, doi: 10.1145/3396851.3397687
  • K. A. Collett and S. A. Hirmer, "Data needed to decarbonize paratransit in Sub-Saharan Africa," Nat. Sustain. 2021 47, vol. 4, no. 7, pp. 562–564, May 2021, doi: 10.1038/s41893- 021-00721-7
  • C. J. Abraham, A. J. Rix, I. Ndibatya, and M. J. Booysen, "Ray of hope for sub- Saharan Africa's paratransit: Solar charging of urban electric minibus taxis in South Africa," Energy Sustain. Dev., vol. 64, pp. 118–127, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j. esd.2021.08.003
  • J. Dixon, W. Bukhsh, C. Edmunds, and K. Bell, "Scheduling electric vehicle charging to minimise carbon emissions and wind curtailment," Renew. Energy, vol. 161, pp. 1072–1091, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j. renene.2020.07.017.
  • N. Brinkel et al., "Impact of rapid PV fluctuations on power quality in the lowvoltage grid and mitigation strategies using electric vehicles," Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst., vol. 118, no. October 2019, p. 105741, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j. ijepes.2019.105741
  • F. Teng, Y. Mu, H. Jia, J. Wu, P. Zeng, and G. Strbac, "Challenges on primary frequency control and potential solution from EVs in the future GB electricity system," Appl. Energy, vol. 194, pp. 353–362, 2017, doi: 10.1016/j. apenergy.2016.05.123
  • Nissan Motor Corporation, "Nissan RE-LEAF: Power when it's needed, where it's needed," 2020. [Online]. Available: https://uk.nissannews. com/en-GB/releases/release- 93464f7850c37fb62e4 006e334145cfc-nissan-releaf- power-when-its-neededwhere- its-needed. [Accessed: 17-Nov-2021]
  • K. S. Rogge and K. Reichardt, "Policy mixes for sustainability transitions: An extended concept and framework for analysis," Res. Policy, vol. 45, no. 8, pp. 1620–1635, 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.respol.2016.04.004
  • L. Bouchene, K. Jayaram, A. Kendall, and K. Somers, "Africa's green manufacturing crossroads: Choices for a low-carbon industrial future," McKinsey & Company, 2021. [Online]. Available: https://www. mckinsey.com/businessfunctions/ sustainability/ our-insights/africas-greenmanufacturing- crossroadschoices- for-a-low-carbonindustrial- future. [Accessed: 17-Nov-2021]
  • M. Chen et al., "Recycling End-of-Life Electric Vehicle Lithium-Ion Batteries," Joule, vol. 3, no. 11, pp. 2622– 2646, Nov. 2019, doi: 10.1016/j. joule.2019.09.014
  • The Faraday Institution, "The importance of coherent regulatory and policy strategies for the recycling of EV batteries," 2020. [Online]. Available: https:// faraday.ac.uk/wp-content/ uploads/2020/09/Faraday_ Insights_9_FINAL.pdf [Accessed: 17-Nov-2021]
  • M. Toll, "Gogoro's international footprint grows with major deal to expand battery swap stations into China," Electrek, 2021. [Online]. Available: https://electrek. co/2021/05/18/ gogoro-expansion-growswith- major-deal-to-buildbattery- swap-stations-ande- scooters-for-china/. [Accessed: 16-Nov-2021]
  • D. Prianjani, W. Sutopo, M. Hisjam, and E. Pujiyanto, "Sustainable supply chain planning for swap battery system: Case study electric motorcycle applications in Indonesia," IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng., vol. 495, no. 1, 2019, doi: 10.1088/1757- 899X/495/1/012081
  • Energy Asia, "Gogoro Battery Swapping Revolution in Taiwan – How It Happened." 2021. [Online]. Available: https://energy. asia/gogoro-batteryswapping- revolution-intaiwan- how-it-happened/. [Accessed: 17-Nov-2021]
  • H. Ting-ting and L. Hsin-Yin, "Gogoro, Taipower partner up on bidirectional charging system," Focus Taiwan, 2021. [Online]. Available: https://focustaiwan. tw/business/202110260018. [Accessed: 11-Nov-2021]
  • Cenex, "Commercial Viability of V2G: Project Sciurus White Paper," 2021. [Online]. Available: https://www.cenex.co.uk/ app/uploads/2021/01/V2GCommercial- Viability-1.pdf. [Accessed: 17-Nov-2021]
  • A. Jhaveri, "Hero and Gogoro form JV for electric vehicles in India," TechRadar, 2021. [Online]. Available: https:// www.techradar.com/uk/ news/hero-gogoropartnership- india. [Accessed: 17-Nov-2021]
  • C. Shu, "Gogoro launches battery swapping stations in China," TechCrunch, 2021. [Online]. Available: https://techcrunch. com/2021/10/10/gogorolaunches- battery-swappingstations- in-china/. [Accessed: 17-Nov-2021]
  • Gogoro, "Gojek and Gogoro Announce Strategic Partnership to Electrify - Gogoro," 2021. [Online]. Available: https://www. gogoro.com/news/gojekpertamina- gogoropartnership- indonesiabattery- swapping-jakarta/. [Accessed: 17-Nov-2021]
  • IEA, "Net Zero by 2050: A Roadmap for the Global Energy Sector," Paris, 2021. [Online]. Available: https:// www.iea.org/reports/netzero- by-2050. [Accessed: 17- Nov-2021]
  • IEA, "Electricity generation by source, Chinese Taipei 1990-2020," 2021. [Online]. Available: https://www.iea. org/countries/chinese-taipei
  • LSE and Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment, "Strategic Framework for Sustainable Energy Policy - Taiwan - Climate Change Laws of the World," 2021. [Online]. Available: https:// climate-laws.org/ geographies/taiwan/ policies/strategic-frameworkfor- sustainable-energypolicy. [Accessed: 17-Nov- 2021]