State of the art of the co-incineration of waste-derived fuels and raw materials in clinker/cement plants

The very comprehensive document mainly describes the impact of the co-incineration of waste-derived fuels and raw materials in clinker production plants on the emissions to air. For this purpose, the emission monitoring data from all 34 German cement plants were evaluated. In this respect, all relevant waste gas parameters are specifically discussed (dust, total organic carbon (TOC/VOC), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulphur dioxide (SO2), heavy metals with special consideration of mercury (Hg), ammonia (NH3), hydrogen chloride (HCl), hydrogen fluoride (HF), benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes (BTEX), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans (PCDD/F), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH)) in detail. It is shown that the input points of waste-derived fuels are most important for emissions to air. Whereas the input via the main burner is best, much care has been taken for the secondary firing. The input of waste-derived raw materials via the raw material route can cause significant environmental problems.