Hostname: page-component-76fb5796d-vvkck Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-04-25T21:07:19.927Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Reasoned Moral Agreement: Applying Discourse Ethics within Organizations

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 January 2015

Abstract:

Whether at the executive or the line-management levels, businesspeople face moral decisions that cannot be easily resolved with reference to a shared ethos, whether because of diversity of ethea in the organization or its environment, or because the organization's ethos is inadequate for the problem at hand. These decisions are made more common by the changing norms of a pluralistic business environment, and require collective moral deliberation to be adequately resolved. Discourse ethics ideally characterizes the form of valid collective moral deliberation. I argue that accommodation for the limitations of actual discourse makes discourse ethics, conceived in terms of the rules of practical discourse, practical for realizing improvements in the openness and validity of moral decision-making over states in which these rules are flagrantly violated. These rules have normative implications at the organizational level for the integrity approach to corporate ethics programs, and at the individual level for ethical leadership.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Society for Business Ethics 2009

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Alexy, R. 1989. A theory of legal argumentation (Trans. Adler, R. & MacCormick, N.). New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Alexy, R. 1990. A theory of practical discourse. In Benhabib, S. & Dallmyr, R. M. (Eds.), The communicative ethics controversy: 151–90. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Alvesson, M., & Willmott, H. 1995. Strategic management as domination and emancipation: From planning and process to communication and praxis. In Shrivastava, P. & Stubbart, C. (Eds.), Advances in strategic management: Challenges from outside the mainstream, 85112. Greenwich, CT: JAI.Google Scholar
American Civil Liberties Union, 1994. Hate speech on campus. http://www.aclu.org/studentsrights/expression/12808pub19941231.html. Accessed on 1/4/2007.Google Scholar
Apel, K. 1990. Is the ethics of the ideal communication community a utopia? On the relationship between ethics, utopia, and the critique of utopia. In Benhabib, S. & Dallmyr, F. (Eds.), The communicative ethics controversy: 2359. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Arnold, D. G., & Hartman, L. P. 2003. Moral imagination and the future of sweatshops. Business and Society Review, 108(4): 425–61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Austin, J. L. 1962. How to do things with words. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Barnard, C. I. 1938. The functions of the executive. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Benhabib, S. 1992. Situating the self: Gender, community, and postmodernism in contemporary ethics. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Brown, M. E., Treviño, L. K., & Harrison, D. A. 2005. Ethical leadership: A social learning perspective for construct development and testing. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 97: 117–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Christie, R., & Geis, F. L. 1970. Studies in Machiavellianism. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Conger, J. A., & Kanungo, R. N. 1988. The empowerment process: Integrating theory and practice. Academy of Management Review, 13: 471–82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Deetz, S. 1995. Transforming communication, transforming business: Building responsive and responsible workplaces. Cresskill, NJ: Hampton.Google Scholar
Desio, P. N.D.An overview of the organizational guidelines. Washington, DC: United States Sentencing Commission. http://www.ussc.gov/TRAINING/corpover.PDF. Accessed 9/27/2008.Google Scholar
DiMaggio, P. J., & Powell, W. W. 1983. The iron cage revisited: Institutional isomorphism and collective rationality in organizational fields. American Sociological Review, 48(2): 147–60.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dutton, J. E., & Dukerich, J. M. 1991. Keeping an eye on the mirror: Image and identity in organizational adaptation. Academy of Management Journal, 34: 517–54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Edmondson, A. 1999. Psychological safety and learning behavior in work teams. Administrative Science Quarterly, 44: 350–83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Forester, J. 2003. On fieldwork in a Habermasian way: Critical ethnography and the extraordinary character of ordinary professional work. In Alvesson, M. & Willmott, H. (Eds.), Studying management critically, 92110. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Foucault, M. 1977. Discipline and punish: The birth of the prison (Trans. Sheridan, A.). New York: Pantheon.Google Scholar
Foucault, M. 1978. The history of sexuality (Volume 1) (Trans. Hurley, R.). New York: Pantheon.Google Scholar
Frankel, M. S. 1989. Professional codes: Why, how, and with what impact? Journal of Business Ethics, 8: 109–15.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Friedman, M. 1970. The social responsibility of business is to increase its profits. The New York Times Magazine, September 13.Google Scholar
Gilbert, D. U., & Rasche, A. 2007. Discourse ethics and social accountability: The ethics of SA 8000. Business Ethics Quarterly, 17: 187216.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gioia, D. A. 1992. Pinto fires and personal ethics: A script analysis of missed opportunities. Journal of Business Ethics, 11: 379–89.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gioia, D. A., & Thomas, J. B. 1996. Identity, image, and issue interpretation: Sensemaking during strategic change in academia. Administrative Science Quarterly, 41: 370403.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gunther, K. 1993. The sense of appropriateness: Application discourses in morality and law (Trans. Farrell, J.). Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.Google Scholar
Habermas, J. 1970. Towards a theory of communicative competence. Inquiry, 13: 360–75.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Habermas, J. 1979. Communication and the evolution of society (Trans. McCarthy, T.). Boston: Beacon Press.Google Scholar
Habermas, J. 1984. The theory of communicative action, volume 1: Reason and the rationalization of society (Trans. McCarthy, T.). Boston: Beacon Press.Google Scholar
Habermas, J. 1987. The theory of communicative action, volume 2: Lifeworld and system: A critique of functionalist reason (Trans. McCarthy, T.). Boston: Beacon Press.Google Scholar
Habermas, J. 1987. 1990. Moral consciousness and communicative action (Trans. Lenhardt, C. & Nicholsen, S. W.). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Habermas, J. 1993. Justification and application: Remarks on discourse ethics (Trans. Cronin, C. P.). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Habermas, J. 1996. Between facts and norms: Contributions to a discourse theory of law and democracy (Trans. Rehg, W.). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harned, P. J., Seligson, A. L., & Baviskar, S. 2005. National business ethics survey. Washington, DC: Ethics Resource Center.Google Scholar
Hegel, G. W. F. 1975. Natural law (Trans. Knox, T. M.). Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.Google Scholar
Jackall, R. 1988. Moral mazes: The world of corporate managers. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Jensen, M. C. 2002. Value maximization, stakeholder theory, and the corporate objective function. Business Ethics Quarterly, 12: 235–56.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lyotard, J. 1984. The postmodern condition: A report on knowledge (Trans. Bennington, G. & Massumi, B.). Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.Google Scholar
Maclntyre, A. 1981. After virtue. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press.Google Scholar
Maitlis, S. 2005. The social processes of organizational sensemaking. Academy of Management Journal, 48: 2149.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Marcuse, H. 1964. One-dimensional man. Boston: Beacon.Google Scholar
Markus, H. R., & Kitayama, S. 1991. Culture and the self: Implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation. Psychological Review: 98(2): 224–53.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mead, G. H. 1934. Mind, self, and society (ed. Morris, C. W.). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Mintzberg, H. 1973. The nature of managerial work. New York: Harper & Row.Google Scholar
Moberg, D. J., & Seabright, M. A. 2000. The development of moral imagination. Business Ethics Quarterly, 10: 845–84.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nielsen, R. P. 1996. The politics of ethics: Methods for acting, learning, and sometimes fighting, with others in addressing ethics problems in organizational life. New York: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nietzsche, F. 1996. On the genealogy of morals (Trans. and Ed. Smith, D.). New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Paine, L. S. 1994. Managing for organizational integrity. Harvard Business Review, 72(2): 106–19.Google Scholar
Palazzo, G., & Scherer, A. G. 2006. Corporate legitimacy as deliberation: A communicative framework. Journal of Business Ethics, 66: 7188.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Presidential Commission on the Space Shuttle Challenger Accident, 1986. Report of the presidential commission on the space shuttle Challenger accident. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.Google Scholar
Rawls, J. 1993. Political liberalism. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Rorty, R. 2006. Is philosophy relevant to applied ethics? Business Ethics Quarterly, 16: 369–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scherer, A. G., & Dowling, M. J. 1995. Towards a reconciliation of the theory-pluralism in strategic management: Incommensurability and the constructivist approach of the Erlangen school. In Shrivastava, P. & Stubbart, C. (Eds.), Advances in strategic management: Challenges from outside the mainstream, 195248. Greenwich, CT: JAI.Google Scholar
Scherer, A. G., & Palazzo, G. 2007. Toward a political conception of corporate responsibility: Business and society seen from a Habermasian perspective. Academy of Management Review, 32: 10961120.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scott, C. E. 1996. On the advantages and disadvantages of ethics andpolitics. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.Google Scholar
Searle, J. R. 1969. Speech acts: An essay in the philosophy of language. London: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shrivastava, P. 1986. Is strategic management ideological? Journal of Management, 12: 363–77.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Simon, H. A. 1947. Administrative behavior: A study of decision-making processes in administrative organization. New York: Macmillan.Google Scholar
Singer, P. 1975. Animal liberation. New York: Avon.Google Scholar
Smith, J. D. 2004. A précis of a communicative theory of the firm. Business Ethics: A European Review, 13(4): 317–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Solomon, R. C. 1993. Ethics and excellence: Cooperation and integrity in business. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Sonenshein, S. 2007. The role of construction, intuition, and justification in responding to ethical issues at work: The sensemaking-intuition model. Academy of Management Review, 32: 1022–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stansbury, J., & Barry, B. 2007. Ethics programs and the paradox of control. Business Ethics Quarterly, 17: 239–61.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Steffy, B. D., & Grimes, A. J. 1986. A critical theory of organization science. Academy of Management Review, 11: 322–36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taylor, C. 1989. The diversity of goods. In Clarke, S. G. & Simpson, E. (Eds.), Anti theory in ethics and moral conservatism: 223–40. Albany: State University of New York Press.Google Scholar
Thomas, K. W., & Velthouse, B. A. 1990. Cognitive elements of empowerment: An “interpretive” model of intrinsic task motivation. Academy of Management Review, 15: 666–68.Google Scholar
Treviño, L. K., & Brown, M. E. 2006. Ethical leadership: A review and future directions. Leadership Quarterly, 17: 595616.Google Scholar
Treviño, L. K., Brown, M. E., & Hartman, L. P. 2003. A qualitative investigation of perceived executive ethical leadership: Perceptions from inside and outside the executive suite. Human Relations, 56: 537.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
United States Sentencing Commission. 2007. Federal sentencing guidelines for organizations, chapter 8, part B—remedying harm from criminal conduct, and effective compliance and ethics program. http://www.ussc.gov/2007guid/8b2_1.html. Accessed 9/27/08.Google Scholar
Victor, B., & Cullen, J. B. 1988. The organizational bases of ethical work climates. Administrative Science Quarterly, 33: 101–25.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wagner, M. L. 2000. The organizational ombudsman as change agent. Negotiation Journal, January: 99114.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weaver, G. R. & Treviño, L. K. 1999. Compliance and values oriented ethics programs: Influences on employees’ attitudes and behavior. Business Ethics Quarterly, 9: 315–35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weaver, G. R., Treviño, L. K., & Cochran, P. L. 1999. Corporate ethics programs as control systems: Influences of executive commitment and environmental factors. Academy of Management Journal, 42: 4157.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Welcomer, S., Gioia, D., & Kilduff, M. 2000. Resisting the discourse of modernity: Rationality versus emotion in hazardous waste siting. Human Relations, 53: 11751205.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Werhane, P. H. 1991. Engineers and management: The challenge of the Challenger incident. Journal of Business Ethics, 10: 605–16.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Werhane, P. H. 1999. Moral imagination and management decision making. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar