A sliding mode contact electrification based triboelectric-electromagnetic hybrid generator for small-scale biomechanical energy harvesting

Abstract The present work describes the hybridization of two different energy harvesters works simultaneously in a single package. By applying simultaneous mechanical force, two components such as triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) and electromagnetic generator (EMG) independently produce power. The hybrid device was made with a polymeric cylinder composed of Kapton in the inner wall; a copper coil wound outside the cylinder and neodymium magnet and small bits of paper housed inside it. The paper flakes having the dimension of 5 mm × 5 mm, which are triboelectric positive slides over the negative triboelectric layer Kapton. The potential difference between the two different triboelectric material leads to the generation of electric power. The triboelectric component generates the maximum output with the voltage of ≈ 20 V and the current of 300 nA. The magnet inside the cylinder moves simultaneously along with the paper made the production of electric flux in the coil. The alternating magnetic flux induces the current in the outer coil as per the Lenz’s law. The maximum output generated from the EMG component with the obtained voltage of 2 V and the maximum current of 10 mA. Further, to analyze the actual working behavior of the device, commercial capacitor charging behavior was analyzed. The TENG component runs the consistent charging behavior, whereas the EMG component offers a rapid charging behavior, under hybrid mode both the merits can be utilized. The device has had placed in a backpack, and the biomechanical energy from human motions such as walking, running and jumping had been demonstrated. This study confirms that the proposed hybrid generator is capable of powering small electronic devices such as global positioning system (GPS), flashlights and potentially be able to use as an active MEMS/NEMS-based self-powered sensor.