Uterine Relaxation Potential of Ethanol Leaf Extract of Moringa oleifera Lam. VIA the Muscarinic Receptor Pathway
N. S. Ijioma
Department of Veterinary Physiology, Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Animal Health, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria.
K. G. Madubuike
Department of Veterinary Physiology, Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Animal Health, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria.
O. N. Nwankudu
Department of Veterinary Physiology, Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Animal Health, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria.
C. O. Nwosu
Department of Veterinary Physiology, Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Animal Health, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria.
C. U. Emelike *
Diagnostic Laboratory, University Health Services, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Aim: The effect of Ethanol Leaf Extract of Moringa oleifera (ELMO) on uterine smooth muscles of non- pregnant female rats was studied in vitro with a view to finding out the mechanism(s) for observed effects.
Experiential Design: In vitro studies using isolated rat’s uteri.
Methods: Female albino rats (140-180g) pretreated 24 hours before experiments with diethylstilbestrol were sacrificed and the uterine horns carefully harvested into a beaker of De Jalon solution bubbled with 95% oxygen and 5% carbon dioxide. Each horn was mounted in an organ bath and allowed to equilibrate for 30 minutes, then the effects of graded doses of Acetylcholine, oxytocin and ELMO were established, using a physiograph and its accessories. The drugs were re-administered in the presence of their respective antagonists (Atropine for Acetylcholine and Atosiban for Oxytocin) and also in the presence of ELMO.
Results: Results obtained showed that while Acetylcholine and oxytocin induced uterine contractions, ELMO caused relaxation. ELMO significantly (P<0.05) blocked the uterine contractile effect of Acetylcholine but had no effect on Oxytocin induced uterine contractions. The experiments therefore indicate that ELMO contain active ingredients capable of inducing uterine relaxation via the muscarinic receptor pathway.
Conclusion: The extract therefore, may not be a valuable tocolytic agent in cases of Oxytocin induced uterine contractions, particularly in pregnancy but its observed strong anticholinergic activity may be exploited in the treatment of diseases associated with hyper activity of the parasympathetic arm of the autonomic nervous system.
Keywords: Acetylcholine, Moringa oleifera, muscarinic receptors, oxytocin, uterine contractions.